Logo is a programming language created in the 1960’s.
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In the first program, the author is the programmer, and asks the student to carry out the program. Or, in other words, to follow the instructions.
Each instruction is a one line program for the turtle to follow.
Whereas in the first program, the author asked to student to repeat something four times, in the second program, the student tells the turtle to repeat something four times.
The third program is different, in part because nothing happens on the screen. The student (as directed by the author) writes a program and saves it away.